Reserva Natural Palmari

White-throated Tinamou Tinamus guttatus Often heard along the Guayaba de la Danta trail, where also seen very well 22 and 27/8 and probably flushed a few times. Irregularly heard along the Yellow trail, present along the On�a and Aldea trails.

Cinereous Tinamou Crypturellus cinereus Regularly heard in both terra firme and v�rzea. Two individuals were seen 21/8, probably flushed several other times.

Little Tinamou Crypturellus soui Heard on just 4 occasions (from the lodge clearing and the beginning of the Guayaba de la Danta), which suggests that it�s uncommon, but seeing it twice at different places along the Guayaba de la Danta makes you think that it must be fairly common after all.

Undulated Tinamou Crypturellus undulatus Often heard in v�rzea from July to mid-August, when also seen well on three occasions. Very few heard after 16/8.

Variegated Tinamou Crypturellus variegatus 27/7 1 Yellow trail (1200 m), 27/8 1 Guayaba de la Danta (1000 m). Both birds were seen exceptionally well! Heard regularly along terra firme trails, especially along the Yellow trail, but rather uncommon.

Anhinga Anhinga anhinga 28/7 1 bird circling high above Palmar� community.

Capped Heron Pilherodias pileatus 1-4 birds seen on 17 days, mainly along the river.

Cocoi Heron Ardea cocoi 1-2 birds seen on 13 days.

Great Egret Egretta alba 1-3 birds recorded on 11 days, and 16 seen at Arrumadeiro 12/8.

Snowy Egret Egretta thula 1-8 birds recorded on 7 days, and 18 seen near Arrumadeiro 5/8.

Little Blue Heron Egretta caerulea 12/8 1 juv. Arrumadeiro.

Striated Heron Butorides striatus 1-4 birds seen on 15 days 23/7-22/8. After that only a single bird on the Peninsula 8/9.

Rufescent Tiger-Heron Tigrisoma lineatum 7/8 1 subad. along the V�rzea trail.

Wood Stork Mycteria americana 6/8 2 ad. soaring high above the Piranha lakes.

Green Ibis Mesembrinibis cayennensis 2/8 1 Arrumadeiro, 6/9 5 Mata-Mat�.

Horned Screamer Anhima cornuta 2/8 1 heard Arrumadeiro. Regularly found here.

Muscovy Duck Cairina moschata 1-5 birds seen on 12 days along the river, around the Peninsula and at Arrumadeiro.

Turkey Vulture Cathartes aura Fairly common at forest edge.

Lesser Yellow-headed Vulture Cathartes burrovianus Seen in the vicinity of the Peninsula as follows: 25/7-1/8 1 bird seen on three dates, 17-21/8 a pair seen daily, 31/8 1, 3/9 2, 5/9 1.

Greater Yellow-headed Vulture Cathartes melambrotus Common over forest.

Black Vulture Coragyps atrata Common.

King Vulture Sarcoramphus papa 23/8 1-2 ad., 1 juv. from the Tower, 31/8 1 ad. Guayaba de la Danta.Rather uncommon.

Osprey Pandion haliaetus 24/7 1-2 Palmar�-Pico do Caboclo, 31/7 1, 12/8 1 Arrumadeiro, 27/8 1 from the Tower, 6/9 1 Mata-Mat�. All seen along the river.

Gray-headed Kite Leptodon cayanensis 23/7 1 ad. Piranha lakes, 27/8 and 7/9 1 ad. V�rzea trail. Seen exceptionally well, perched at length.

Hook-billed Kite Chondrohierax uncinatus 24/7 1 Pico do Caboclo.

Swallow-tailed Kite Elanoides forficatus 22/7 5 Canopy platform, 2/8 2, 12/8 c. 5 Arrumadeiro, 22/8 1 from the Peninsula, 23/8 1 from the Tower.

Double-toothed Kite Harpagon bidentatus 22/7 2 ad. Canopy platform, 24/7 1 ad. Pico do Caboclo, 11/8 1 ad. Yellow trail, 12/8 1 juv. Arrumadeiro, 23/8 2-3 from the Tower.

Plumbeous Kite Ictinia plumbea Common. A flock of at least 250 birds at Arrumadeiro 12/8 was a very impressive sight, otherwise seen in more modest numbers (max. 24).

Crane Hawk Geranospiza caerulescens 1 ad. seen around the clearings 22/7, 30/7 and 17/8 (when even photographed).

Slate-colored Hawk Leucopternis schistacea 28/7 1 ad. Caot�, 1/8 1 ad. V�rzea trail, 11/8 2 ad., 16/8 4 ad. Zacanbuzinho, 12/8 1 heard Arrumadeiro, 20/8 1 ad. V�rzea trail, 6/9 2 ad. Mata-Mat�.

Great Black-Hawk Buteogallus urubitinga Single birds seen on 9 days, most if not all near the lodge.

Black-collared Hawk Busarellus nigricollis Fairly common, especially along channels and blackwater lakes but a few also along the Javar�. Single individuals seen on 12 days.

Roadside Hawk Buteo magnirostris Fairly common, recorded almost daily.

Black-and-white Hawk-Eagle Spizastur melanoleucus 31/8 1 seen briefly from the Piranha trail.

Black Hawk-Eagle Spizaetus tyrannus 22/7 1 ad. from the Canopy platform.

Black Caracara Daptrius ater Uncommon along the river: 22/7 1 Palmar�-Pico do Caboclo, 29/7 3 Caot�-Palmar�, 31/7 1 Palmar�-Arrumadeiro and 13/7 3 Palmar�-Santa Rita were the only records.

Red-throated Caracara Ibycter americanus Heard irregularly along the forest trail, recorded on 8 days and seen very well on the Cachoeira trail 31/7. A single bird was also seen at Zacanbuzinho 16/8.

Yellow-headed Caracara Milvago chimachima Fairly common near water, seen on most days.

Lined Forest-Falcon Micrastur gilvicollis 18/8 1 ad., 22/8 2 heard On�a trail, 25/6 1 heard Bushbird trail, 27/8 1 ad. Guayaba de la Danta, 31/8 1 heard Cachoeira trail. Phenomenal sightings!

Buckley�s Forest-Falcon Micrastur buckleyi 22/8 1 heard calling several times from the v�rzea on the midle of the V�rzea trail. This is perhaps only the second record for Brazil. The first record was made by Bret Whitney with tour participants at Cristina, Zacanbuzinho, in 2001.

Bat Falcon Falco rufigularis 28/7 1 Caot�. Remarkably scarce.

Speckled Chachalaca Ortalis motmot Only seen or heard around the clearings. Recorded on 13 days with a maximum of 5 birds 20/8.

Spix�s Guan Penelope jacquacu 18/8 3 Guayaba de la Danta, 4/9 3 V�rzea trail. Seemingly scarce, probably due to hunting.

Starred Wood-Quail Odontophorus stellatus 23/7 5 birds passing the trail at the beginning of the Guayaba de la Danta, 3/9 4 birds flushed near the Cachoeira stream on the Yellow trail. Never heard. A tough bird to get!

Gray-breasted Crake Laterallus exilis 1-2 individuals heard almost daily around the peninsula 10/8-10/9. Also one heard between Palmar� and Aldea 30/8.

Rufous-sided Crake Laterallus melanophaius 2/8 1 heard Arrumadeiro.

Purple Gallinule Porphyrula martinica Seen on the Peninsula 24/8-9/9 with a max. of 3 birds 31/8.

Sungrebe Heliornis fulica 5/8 1 bird seen well in the channel leading out of Lake Bujuz� into the Javar�.

Wattled Jacana Jacana jacana Regularly seen around the Peninsula, daily 19/8-9/9 with a maximum of 10 birds. Also found at Arrumadeiro: 31/7 1 heard, 12/8 2.

Pied Lapwing Vanellus cayanus A single bird showed up on the peninsula 5/9 while all the beaches were being flooded, and was seen until 9/9.

Collared Plover Charadrius collaris Fairly common along the Javar� from 31/7 into September. When the beaches disappeared so did the Collared Plovers.

Solitary Sandpiper Tringa solitaria Seen around the Peninsula on 15 days between 6/8-5/9, with a maximum of 8 birds 8/8. Many nice observations!

Lesser Yellowlegs Tringa flavipes The first Nearctic migrant to show up. Seen around the peninsula as follows: 1/8 1, 8/8 1, 22-23/8 1, 24/8 5. A single bird was also seen at Arrumadeiro 12/8.

Greater Yellowlegs Tringa melanoleuca 8/9 1 calling bird flying westwards, seen from the Tower.

Spotted Sandpiper Actitis macularia Single birds seen around the Peninsula 22/8 (in nice breeding plumage!), 24/8, 5/9 and 9/9, and one bird at Palmar� community 27/8.

Pectoral Sandpiper Calidris melanotos Seen almost daily around the Peninsula 8/8-10/9, with the following peak counts: 25/8 39, 30/8 60, 3/9 60 and 5/9 c. 65. Also seen in small numbers at various beaches, and c. 30 birds were found at Arrumadeiro 12/8. Wonderful studies!

Stilt Sandpiper Calidris himantopus 24 and 26/8 5 ad. in alternate plumage on the shores of the Peninsula. A delightful and uncommon migrant in these parts of South America.

Buff-breasted Sandpiper Tryngites subruficollis 5/9 1 bird seen well with Pectoral Sandpipers on the Peninsula. Unexpected!

Large-billed Tern Phaetusa simplex The first birds showed up 18/8 and 1-5 individuals were seen regularly along the river afterwards.

Yellow-billed Tern Sterna superciliaris 1-6 birds seen along the river on 21 days.

Black Skimmer Rynchops niger 13 and 16/8 1 bird at the first beach upriver from the lodge.

Pale-vented Pigeon Patagioenas cayennensis Seen or heard in small numbers around the Peninsula and the Piranha lakes on 12 days, also a single bird heard at Caot� 28/7.

Ruddy Pigeon Patagioenas subvinacea Apparently less common; single birds heard in terra firme on 7 days.

Plumbeous Pigeon Patagioenas plumbea Fairly common in both v�rzea and terra firme.

Ruddy Ground-Dove Columbina talpacoti 1-5 birds seen or heard around the Peninsula on 12 days between 8/8-6/9.

Blue Ground-Dove Claravis pretiosa One heard in the vicinity of the Peninsula 10/8 and 20/8.

White-tipped Dove Leptotila verreauxi Fairly common along the river, regular around the Peninsula.

Gray-fronted Dove Leptotila rufaxilla Heard on c. 10 days. A forest bird, while White-tipped Dove is a species of forest edge.

Ruddy Quail-Dove Geotrygon montana 22/7 1 female Cachoeira trail, 22/8 1 pair Guayaba de la Danta. Never heard.

Blue-and-yellow Macaw Ara ararauna 2-12 birds seen on 15 days, mostly from the Lodge clearing. Most of the Macaws that were only heard were likely this species. A favourite, this �Swedish� Macaw.

Scarlet Macaw Ara macao 22/7 4, 17/8 2 from the Lodge clearing. Seemingly uncommon, at least at this time of the year.

Red-bellied Macaw Orthopsittaca manilata 22/7 c. 15 from the Canopy platform, 2/8 c. 10 Arruma-deiro. The relative scarcity of this species can partly be explained by the lack of suitable palms.

Deville�s Parakeet Pyrrhura lucianii roseifrons Common. Seen or heard almost daily with up to 50 birds, especially around the Lodge clearing. Only seen once on the Peruvian side, 2/9, when a flock crossed the river from Brazil to Peru between Palmar� and Santa Rita. A recent split from Painted Parakeet.

Dusky-billed Parrotlet Forpus sclateri 6/8 5, 11/8 a few heard, 14/8 1 heard from the Lodge clearing, 4/9 a pair feeding in a Cecropia by the Enramada.

Cobalt-winged Parakeet Brotogeris cyanoptera Common. Seen or heard almost daily, with a maximum of 23 birds seen 3/9.

Tui Parakeet Brotogeris sanctithomae Recorded on 10 days. Common around Arrumadeiro, where a maximum of at least 40 birds were seen 12/8. Only fly-bys on the Brazilian side.

White-bellied Parrot Pionites leucogaster Irreguarly seen or heard with up to 8 birds in the Palmar� area. A flock of 7 were seen at R�o Itaiqu� during an unvoluntarily beach visit 29/8.

Orange-cheeked Parrot Pionopsitta barrabandi 11/8 2 heard Yellow trail, 26/8 4 Piranha trail. Excellent views of this beautiful and somewhat difficult-to-see parrot.

Blue-headed Parrot Pionus menstruus Not particularly common. Seen or heard with 1-15 birds on 22 days.

Festive Amazon Amazona festiva 7/8 5, 11/8 2 flying by the Lodge clearing. Probably seen a few more times.

Mealy Amazon Amazona farinosa 2-4 birds seen or heard on 8 days, mostly from the Palmar� area.

Squirrel Cuckoo Piaya cayana Single birds seen or heard on only 6 occasions.

Black-bellied Cuckoo Piaya melanogaster 22/7 1 Canopy platform, 7/8 1 Guayaba de la Danta, 11/8 1 heard Yellow trail, 22/8 2 On�a trail, 25/8 1 Aldea trail, 27/8 1 Guayaba de la Danta. Several good observations of this beautiful cuckoo.

Little Cuckoo Piaya minuta 20/8 1 seen briefly in the Enramada clearing. Could be resident in the Piranha/Peninsula area.

Greater Ani Crotophaga major Seen on 28 days in several v�rzea locations and along the river. Common at Arrumadeiro, Caoti, Zacanbuzinho and, at least periodically, around the Peninsula. This species move around a lot, and can gather in quite impressive flocks.

Smooth-billed Ani Crotophaga ani Common in suitable habitat along the river.

Striped Cuckoo Tapera naevia Heard almost daily from the clearings and the Peninsula, where 1-2 males held territory. A persistent singer, this fellow sometimes could be heard well into the evenings. Also present at Arrumadeiro.

Hoatzin Opisthocomus hoazin 31/7 c. 35 in one impressive flock at Arrumadeiro. Not seen there on subsequent visits, but it�s a regular nesting site for the species.

Tropical Screech-Owl Megascops choliba Heard on most evenings in the lodge clearing, but despite certain efforts I never got to see it! Also 2 heard at Caoti 28-29/7.

Tawny-bellied Screech-Owl Megascops watsonii usta 28-29/7 2 heard Caot�, 1/8 1 heard from the Lodge clearing.

Spectacled Owl Pulsatrix perspicillata 28/7 1 heard Caot�, 28/8 1 heard from the Lodge clearing.

Ferruginous Pygmy-Owl Glaucidium brasilianum 16/8 1 bird called in and seen well at Lake Cristina.

Common Potoo Nyctibius griseus Single birds were heard from the Lodge clearing 25/7, 27-28/8 and 31/8-1/9, as well as at Caot� 28-29/7.

Semicollared Nighthawk Lurocalis semitorquatus 11/8 1 Zacanbuzinho, 14/8 1 Santa Rita-Palmar�.

Band-tailed Nighthawk Nyctiprogne leucopyga Common at Zacanbuzinho, where at least 40 birds were seen in the evening 11/8. Fairly common on the Javar�, where seen with 1-5 birds on 5 days. It could probably be seen more or less daily from the restaurant porch, if you just made the effort. Should be common along several blackwater lakes and channels.

Pauraque Nyctidromus albicollis Heard on most nights with up to 5 birds at the Lodge clearing. Other records: 28-29/7 2 heard Caot�, 29/8 8 heard Atalaya do Norte-Palmar�, 6/9 1 flushed Mata-Mat�.

Ladder-tailed Nightjar Hydropsalis climacocerca 10/8 1 pair seen from a canoe upriver in igap� (just a week later there was a muddy beach all along the shore), 13/8 1 male, 22-31/8 1 pair seen regularly on the Peninsula. Probably fairly common in suitable habitat.

White-collared Swift Streptoprocne zonaris 31/8 a single bird seen from the Tower.

White-chested Swift Cypseloides lemosi 10/9 at least 2 males seen from the restaurant porch, probably a few more individuals (females?), just 10 minutes before I left Palmar�. This was the second record for Brazil, the first being made by Bret Whitney at Zacanbuzinho2002.

Cypseloides sp. 16/8 1 very probable at Zacanbuzinho, 10/9 several with the outspread flock holding White-chested Swifts seen from the restaurant porch. Whether this is White-chinned Swift or even an undescribed species is unclear, but it has been seen on several occasions in the Palmar� area.

Pale-rumped Swift Chaetura egregia 29/8 1 seen well from the Tower.

Gray-rumped Swift Chaetura cinereiventris Probably seen rather regularly, but great distances and views from below made identification tricky. Definitely recorded on 6 days with 2-20 birds.

Amazonian Swift Chaetura viridipennis ?? Probably seen several times. A most confusing species, perhaps mostly because of contradictions in the sparse literature and even more contradicting illustrations.

Sick�s Swift Chaetura meridionalis Another confusing species. Observed on at least 6 days with 1-5 birds, seen from the Tower, Zacanbuzinho and Caot�.

Short-tailed Swift Chaetura brachyura Fairly common; 1-20 birds seen on 20 days.

Lesser Swallow-tailed Swift Panyptila cayennensis 4/8 1 Piranha trail, 27/8 2 from the Tower,6/9 1 Mata-Mat�.

Neotropical Palm-Swift Tachornis squamata Common. Often seen with 10-20 birds/day.

Hairy Hermit Glaucis hirsuta 1-2 birds were observed 7 times in the Lodge clearing. A single bird was also seen at Arrumadeiro 2/8.

Pale-tailed Barbthroat Threnetes niger 13/8 1 Pico do Caboclo, 31/8 1 Guayaba de la Danta.

Great-billed Hermit Phaethornis malaris 31/7 1 Yellow trail. Is it uncommon or was I just unlucky?

White-bearded Hermit Phaethornis hispidus 3/8 1 Pico do Caboclo.

Needle-billed Hermit Phaethornis philippii Common. By far the most numerous hermit, seen every other day inside forest or as a visitor to all sorts of flowering trees. The highest daily total was 8 birds seen 27/8, when one bird even acted as a well-needed fan when it hovered just 15 cm from my face!

Reddish Hermit Phaethornis ruber Seen on 12 days with a maximum of 4 birds seen at Arrumadeiro 2/8. Both in v�rzea and terra firme.

Black-throated Hermit Phaethornis atrimentalis 31/8 1 bird seen well at the very beginning of Guayaba de la Danta trail. Seemingly uncommon.

White-necked Jacobin Florisuga mellivora Seen on 12 days with 1-6 birds. When the right trees are flowering, suddenly it becomes evident that there are quite a few Jacobins around.

Black-bellied Thorntail Discosura longicauda 21/7 1 female at an Inga tree in the lodge clearing, 20/8 1 male briefly along the V�rzea trail. A fantastic bird, uncommonly seen.

Blue-chinned Sapphire Chlorostilbon notatus 14/8 1 male Santa Rita trail, 16/8 1 male Zacanbuzinho, 15/8 1 male, 20/8 1 pair V�rzea trail. A concentrated appearance indeed. Formerly placed in the monotypic genus Chlorestes.

Blue-tailed Emerald Chlorostilbon mellisugus 21/7 1 male, 1 female, 24/7 1 female in the Lodge clearing, 14/8 1 female Santa Rita trail, 16/8 1 male Zacanbuzinho, 27/8 1 female on the Peninsula.

Fork-tailed Woodnymph Thalurania furcata Rather common, especially fond of flowering Inga trees.

White-chinned Sapphire Hylocharis cyanus 2/8 1 male Arrumadeiro.

Glittering-throated Emerald Polyerata fimbriata 1-3 birds seen on 8 days in disturbed areas.

Gould�s Jewelfront Heliodoxa aurescens 9/8 1 male, 13/8 1 heard, 15/8 1 seen very briefly on the Yellow trail, 26/8 1 female Bushbird trail, 27/8 1 pair, 28/8 1 female, 29/8 1 male in the Lodge clearing, 27/8 1 male (taking a bath in flight) Guayaba de la Danta, 4/9 1 male at the Enramada. Superb views in the Lodge clearing!

Fiery Topaz Topaza pyra Only seen in the Lodge clearing. A female was present around red tubular flowers 17-31/8, an ad. male 23-29/8 and an immature male 27 and 31/8. The adult male is an absolutely stunning creature, and this was my 200:th species of hummingbird!

Black-eared Fairy Heliothryx aurita Single birds seen on 6 occasions. I had wonderful studies of a male taking a flighty bath in a pool on the Yellow trail 3/9.

Pavonine Quetzal Pharomachrus pavoninus Fairly common. This delightful bird was often heard, and I managed to whistle it in twice, as well as seeing it in flight on another occasion. Palmar� is probably one of the best (known) places to see this species in the whole of Amazonia!

Black-tailed Trogon Trogon melanurus Probably heard regularly, but voice confusing. 1-2 birds seen on 5 occasions in both v�rzea and terra firme.

Amazonian White-tailed Trogon Trogon viridis Commonly heard and regularly seen in both terra firme and v�rzea.

Collared Trogon Trogon collaris 31/7 1 male, 2/8 2 heard, 12/8 1 heard, 24/8 1 male+1 heard Arrumadeiro, 16/8 1 heard Cristina, Zacanbuzinho, 2/9 1 heard Santa Rita trail, 6/9 1 heard Mata-Mat�.Found only in v�rzea.

Black-throated Trogon Trogon rufus Uncommon. 24/7 1 heard Pico do Caboclo, 8/8 1 heard Aldea trail, 20/8 1 male seen very well on the Antwren trail.

Blue-crowned Trogon Trogon curucui 3/8 1 male Pico do Caboclo, 12/8 1 male Arrumadeiro, 20/8 1 male V�rzea trail, 27/8 1 heard Piranha trail, 6/9 1 heard Mata-Mat�. Probably a bit overlooked.

Amazonian Violaceous Trogon Trogon violaceus 1-3 birds heard on 9 days, and 1 male seen nicely on the Aldea trail 25/8. For some reason I�ve only actually seen this species a few time in the Amazon.

Ringed Kingfisher Megaceryle torquata Fairly common.

Amazon Kingfisher Chloroceryle amazona Fairly common.

Green Kingfisher Chloroceryle americana 1-3 birds seen on 7 occasions. Prefers channels and lakes.

Green-and-rufous Kingfisher Chloroceryle inda 11/8 1 seen briefly at Zacanbuzinho.

Pygmy Kingfisher Chloroceryle aenea 31/7 1 male Arrumadeiro, 26/8 1 male Piranha trail.

Broad-billed Motmot Electron platyrhynchum 15/8 2 Yellow trail (2400 m), 31/8 1 heard (2500 m), 7/9 1 Guayaba de la Danta (3300 m).

Rufous Motmot Baryphthengus martii Single birds seen on 6 occasions, mainly along the Yellow/ Cachoeira trails but also along the Guayaba de la Danta. Major confusement about the voice (see next species).

Blue-crowned Motmot Momotus momota (?) Never seen, but presumably heard on many mornings. What feels very strange though, is that the only motmots I saw in the area where these calls came from were Rufous Motmots.

Blue-cheeked Jacamar Galbula cyanicollis Recorded on 10 days with 1-2 individuals in both v�rzea and terra firme.

White-chinned Jacamar Galbula tombacea 11/8 1 heard, 20/8 2 V�rzea trail, 14/8 1, 3/9 2 Santa Rita.

Purplish Jacamar Galbula chalcothorax 22/7 2 seen closely in wonderful light from the Canopy platform, 13/8 2 at nest hole along the Guayaba de la Danta. A beautiful and uncommon jacamar.

Paradise Jacamar Galbula dea 24/7 1 Pico do Caboclo, 7/8 2 Guayaba de la Danta.

Great Jacamar Jacamerops aurea 6/8 1 heard Aldea trail, 11/8 1 heard Yellow trail, 20/8 1 heard Antwren trail, 1 heard V�rzea trail, 21/8 1 heard Yellow trail, 8/9 1 heard from the Lodge clearing. It just wouldn�t get into view!

Brown-banded Puffbird Notharchus ordii 22/8 1 bird seen well from the Canopy platform, 11/8 1 bird seen less well with the Field Guides group along the Yellow trail (1800 m.). A great bird to get!

Pied Puffbird Notharchus tectus 16/8 1 male Cristina, Zacanbuzinho, 8/9 2 birds seen from the Tower.Strangely enough I didn�t see the usually most common Notharchus, the White-necked Puffbird.

Chestnut-capped Puffbird Argicus macrodactylus 24/7 1-2 birds seen very nicely at the big clearing along Pico do Caboclo.

Spotted Puffbird Nystactes tamatia 11/8 1 heard Zacanbuzinho, 12/8 2 Arrumadeiro, 26/8 1 Bushbird trail, 6/9 1 Mata-Mat�. Fantastic observations! Primarily a v�rzea bird.

Collared Puffbird Bucco capensis Stunning views of a bird perched just behind the maloca in the Lodge clearing 26/7, another bird heard from the Aldea trail 8/8.

Rufous-necked Puffbird Malacoptila rufa 1/8 1 V�rzea trail, 6/8 2 Aldea trail, 14/8 2-3 Santa Rita trail, 18/8 2 On�a trail, 1 Guayaba de la Danta, 25/8 1 Aldea trail. Seemingly fairly common - it is a very inconspicuous bird easily missed.

Rusty-breasted Nunlet Nonnula rubecula 26/7 1 Yellow trail (650 m), 13/8 1 male Guayaba de la Danta (3600 m), 15/8 1 Yellow trail (c. 1000 m), 27/8 1 Guayaba de la Danta (2500 m � seen exceptionally well!). Five birds in total is a good result!

Rufous-capped Nunlet Nonnula ruficapilla 1/8 1, 10/8 2 V�rzea trail, 2/8 1 Arrumadeiro, 16/8 1 heard Zacanbuzinho. In some parts of Amazonia tied to stands of bamboo, here apparently a bird of v�rzea.

Black-fronted Nunbird Monasa nigrifrons Fairly common at forest edge and in v�rzea.

White-fronted Nunbird Monasa morphoeus Seen on 13 days in terra firme with 1-4 individuals.

Swallow-winged Puffbird Chelidoptera tenebrosa Fairly common along the river.

Scarlet-crowned Barbet Capito aurovirens 2/8 1 female, 12/8 1 pair, 24/7 1 female Arrumadeiro.I have no idea why this species was only found at a single locality.

Gilded Barbet Capito auratus Fairly common by voice, though few were recorded the last two weeks. Seen on 7 days.

Lemon-throated Barbet Eubucco richardsoni Seen or heard on 13 days in both terra firme and v�rzea.

Chestnut-eared Ara�ari Pteroglossus castanotis 1-6 birds were seen on 5 occasions from the clearings. Poor numbers, as with the Lettered and Ivory-billed Aracaris.

Lettered Ara�ari Pteroglossus inscriptus 16/8 3 Zacanbuzinho. This aracari is usually fairly common. Could there be seasonal movements involved?

Ivory-billed Ara�ari Pteroglossus azara 4/8 at least 1 Guayaba de la Danta (1800 m).

Curl-crested Ara�ari Pteroglossus beauharnaesii 4/8 at least 1 Guayaba de la Danta (1800 m), 22/8 2 On�a trail. A fantastic bird, seen pretty well!

Golden-collared Toucanet Selenidera reinwardtii Regularly heard along the Guayaba de la Danta and On�a trails, occasionally from the Yellow trail. I only saw one bird, a male, along the Guayaba 7/9.

Channel-billed Toucan Ramphastos culminatus Fairly common. Mostly heard, but seen on at least 5 occasions.

White-throated Toucan Ramphastos tucanus Heard daily in small numbers, but surprisingly few birds were seen.

Bar-breasted Piculet Picumnus aurifrons juruanus Fairly common. 1-2 birds seen on 18 days. A pair had their night/nest hole in the Lodge clearing. The male of juruanus has red crown spots.

Spot-breasted Woodpecker Colaptes punctigula One male was seen or heard regularly at the Peninsula and in the clearings 15/8-8/9.

Yellow-throated Woodpecker Piculus flavigula Observed on 7 days with 1-3 birds, most on the Guayaba de la Danta. A nest hole was found 31/8, ten meters beyond the 4236 m. marking on the Yellow trail (on the left hand side) 2.5 meters up. The only sighting in v�rzea was made at Mata-Mat� 6/9.

Golden-green Woodpecker Piculus chrysochlorus Seen or heard on 8 days in terra firme with 1-3 birds. Both the Guayaba de la Danta and Aldea trails seem to be good for the species.

Chestnut Woodpecker Celeus elegans 22/8 1 female V�rzea trail, 26/8 1 female Piranha trail.

Scale-breasted Woodpecker Celeus grammicus Fairly common. 1-2 birds seen or heard on 11 days.

Cream-colored Woodpecker Celeus flavus 2/8 3, 12/8 2 Arrumadeiro, 16/8 1 heard Zacanbuzinho, 2/9 1 female Santa Rita, 6/9 1 heard Mata-Mat�. A fabulous bird, seen exceptionally well!

Lineated Woodpecker Dryocopus lineatus 17/8 1 male, 31/8 1 female in the Lodge clearing, 24/8 1 pair Arrumadeiro, 6/9 1 female Mata-Mat�. Probably a few more seen.

Yellow-tufted Woodpecker Melanerpes cruentatus Frequently encountered but not very numerous.

Red-stained Woodpecker Veniliornis affinis Fairly common. 1-3 birds seen on 15 days in both v�rzea and terra firme.

Crimson-crested Woodpecker Campephilus melanoleucus Fairly common. 1-5 birds seen on 17 days.

Red-necked Woodpecker Campephilus rubricollis 23/7 1 pair, 7/8 1 male Guayaba de la Danta (900 m), 11/8 1 male Yellow trail, 22/8 1 female On�a trail.

Plain-crowned Spinetail Synallaxis gujanensis 2/8 3+1 heard, 12/8 1 (building a nest)+3 heard, 24/8 1 heard Arrumadeiro. Readily found around the lake.

Rusty-backed Spinetail Cranioleuca vulpina Seen or heard on 13 days with 1-8 birds, mainly on the Peninsula and in the igap� shortly upriver, but also recorded at Arrumadeiro and Zacanbuzinho. To see this bird in Peru you have to go to the R�o Javar�!

Speckled Spinetail Cranioleuca gutturata 2/8 2 Arrumadeiro, 14/8 1, 2/9 1-2 Santa Rita trail, 20/8 1, 27/8 1-2 V�rzea trail. Not uncommon in v�rzea, but a bit hard to see.

Chestnut-winged Hookbill Ancistrops strigilatus Seen or heard (once) on 6 days with 1-2 birds in terra firme canopy flocks.

Eastern Woodhaunter Hyloctistes subulatus Observed on 7 days with 1-3 individuals, independently or with a flock. Mostly low to mid-storey. The formal splitting of this species is coming soon.

Cinnamon-rumped Foliage-gleaner Philydor pyrrhodes 1/8 1 heard V�rzea/Piranha trail, 14/8 1+1 heard, 2/9 1+1 heard Santa Rita trail, 20/8 1 heard Antwren trail, 27/8 1 heard Guayaba de la Danta. Uncommon and difficult to see, but Santa Rita trail seems to be good for the species. Nice views 2/9.

Rufous-rumped Foliage-gleaner Philydor erythrocercus Seen with certainty on 8 days with 1-2 individuals. Mainly in canopy of terra firme, but sometimes seen fairly low.

Chestnut-winged Foliage-gleaner Philydor erythropterus Single individuals seen along the Guayaba de la Danta 4 and 27/8.

Rufous-tailed Foliage-gleaner Philydor ruficaudatus Single individuals seen on at least 5 occasions. Probably fairly common.

Olive-backed Foliage-gleaner Automolus infuscatus Fairly common. 1-6 birds seen on 15 days. Low to mid-storey of terra firme, quite noisy. The form paraensis to the east of the Madeira was split recently and is called Par� Foliage-gleaner.

Buff-throated Foliage-gleaner Automolus ochrolaemus Seen or heard on 9 days with 1-2 birds. Found in v�rzea and transitional forest.

Rufous-tailed Xenops Xenops milleri Not uncommon. 1-2 birds seen on 7 days with canopy flocks in terra firme.

Slender-billed Xenops Xenops tenuirostris 30/7 2, 4/8 1 V�rzea trail, 26/8 1-2 Piranha trail. Uncommon, seemingly restricted to v�rzea.

Plain Xenops Xenops minutus Fairly common. Observed on 18 days with 1-5 individuals in both terra firme and v�rzea.

Short-billed Leaftosser Sclerurus rufigularis 9/8 1 Yellow trail (800 m), 13/8 1 male at the end of Guayaba de la Danta (maybe the same individual as four days earlier), 27/8 1 pair, 31/8 1 Gyauaba de la Danta (900-1000 m). All of them were very cooperative!

Black-tailed Leaftosser Sclerurus caudacutus 18/8 1 seen well at the beginning of On�a trail. Uncommon or rare.

Plain-brown Woodcreeper Dendrocincla fuliginosa Seen or heard on 6 days with 1-3 birds, in both v�rzea and terra firme.

White-chinned Woodcreeper Dendrocincla merula 8/9 1 bird attending an army ant swarm along the Guayaba de la Danta was the only record.

Long-tailed Woodcreeper Deconychura longicauda 13/8 1 heard Guayaba de la Danta (3500 m) was the only record.

Spot-throated Woodcreeper Deconychura stictolaema 3/9 2 Pico do Caboclo, 15/8 1, 3/9 1 Yellow trail, 27/8 2 Guayaba de la Danta. In most of Amazonia a tricky bird to get.

Olivaceous Woodcreeper Sittasomus griseicapillus 1/8 1 Guayaba de la Danta, 12/8 1 Arrumadeiro, 14/8 1 heard Pico do Caboclo, 25/8 1 Cachoeira trail. Surprisingly uncommon.

Wedge-billed Woodcreeper Glyphorhynchus spirurus Common, primarily in terra firme but also in v�rzea.

Long-billed Woodcreeper Nasica longirostris 28-29/7 2 heard Caot�, 2/8 1 heard, 24/8 1 heard Arrumadeiro, 11/8 1 in flight+1 heard Zacanbuzinho, 22/8 1 seen extraordinary well just by the restaurant, 6/9 1 heard Mata-Mat�.

Cinnamon-throated Woodcreeper Dendrexetastes rufigula Seen or heard on 9 occasions in both terra firme and v�rzea. An odd woodcreeper, sometimes acting more like a foliage-gleaner.

Strong-billed Woodcreeper Xiphocolaptes promeropirhynchus 22/8 1 On�a trail, 27/8 1, 7/9 1 Guayaba de la Danta.

Amazonian Barred-Woodcreeper Dendrocolaptes certhia 23/7 2+1 heard, 7/8 1 Guayaba de la Danta, 8/8 1 Aldea trail. Apparently uncommon.

Black-banded Woodcreeper Dendrocolaptes picumnus 15/8 1 bird seen well from the Yellow trail (800 m) was the only record. Probably uncommon to rare.

Straight-billed Woodcreeper Xiphorhynchus picus Often heard or seen around the Lodge clearing, otherwise relatively few records from v�rzea edge.

Zimmer�s Woodcreeper Xiphorhynchus kinerii 10/8 2 in igap� from a canoe slightly upstream from the lodge, 16/8 1 heard Zacanbuzinho, 26/8 1 heard Piranha trail, 30/8 1+1 heard Palmar� community, 31/8 1 heard from the restaurant porch. Not uncommon in igap� and v�rzea. Hard to separate from Straight-billed Woodcreeper when silent, but the leg color is gray (not olive), and the chest streaking is not entirely edged with black (thanks Bret, for helping me out!). The song is similar to that of Straight-billed but somewhat shorter, with an upslur at the end.

Striped Woodcreeper Xiphorhynchus obsoletus Fairly common in v�rzea.

Ocellated Woodcreeper Xiphorhynchus ocellatus Fairly common. This species is normally found in terra firme, but along the Javar� it�s only found in v�rzea.

Juru� Woodcreeper Xiphorhynchus (elegans) juruanus Common. Seen on virtually every walk in the terra firme. Juruanus is regarded as a species separate from elegans by some (and elegans is often merged with X. spixii). They look a bit different, but apparently their voices are very similar. The streaked parts are similar to those of Ocellated Woodcreeper but Juru� is much paler, almost yellowish buff underneath. The two can be seen almost side by side along the V�rzea trail.

Lafresnaye�s Woodcreeper Xiphorhynchus guttatoides Fairly common in v�rzea and transitional forest, though mostly heard. Recently split from Buff-throated Woodcreeper, X. guttatus.

Lineated Woodcreeper Lepidocolaptes albolineatus 22/8 1 bird with a canopy flock at the beginning of On�a trail. Probably uncommon, but easily overlooked.

Curve-billed Scythebill Campylorhamphus procurvoides 27/7 1 bird at the Cachoeira stream, 27/8 1 bird along the V�rzea trail. Apparently uncommon. A very nice bird.

Fasciated Antshrike Cymbilaimus lineatus Probably fairly common, but rather secretive. Seen or heard on 11 days with 1-4 individuals.

Undulated Antshrike Frederickena unduligera 27/8 1 male seen well at a small, densely vegetated stream along the Guayaba de la Danta trail (4050 m). There is more suitable habitat along this trail, as well as along the Bushbird trail, and it�s even been seen at the beginning of the Yellow trail (200 m). In any case it�s a very local and uncommon bird at Palmar�.

Great Antshrike Taraba major 28/7 1 heard, 30/8 2 heard Palmar� community, 2/8 1 female+2 heard, 12/8 1 heard, 24/8 1 female+1 heard Arrumadeiro, 14/8 1 heard, 2/9 1 male+2 heard Santa Rita trail.V�rzea and edge.

Barred Antshrike Thamnophilus doliatus Commonly heard and sometimes seen around the Peninsula and at Arrumadeiro.

White-shouldered Antshrike Thamnophilus aethiops 29/7 1 male Yellow trail (200 m), 6/8 1 female Aldea trail, 7/9 1 male Guayaba de la Danta (1450 m). Uncommon.

Plain-winged Antshrike Thamnophilus schistaceus Fairly common in both terra firme and v�rzea, though only seen on 3 occasions.

Mouse-colored Antshrike Thamnophilus murinus Fairly common in terra firme, seen 4 times.

Amazonian Antshrike Thamnophilus amazonicus Fairly common and rather easy to see in v�rzea. A nest was found at Arrumadeiro 12/8.

Spot-winged Antshrike Pygiptila stellaris Rather common, mostly with canopy flocks both in terra firme and v�rzea.

Black Bushbird Neoctantes niger 23/7 1 male Guayaba de la Danta (3500 m), 14/8 2 males Santa Rita trail, 26/8 1 pair Bushbird trail. Cool! A difficult bird in its entire range.

Saturnine Antshrike Thamnomanes saturninus Common with understorey flocks. During the first ten days at Palmar� I found two males with obvious white-fringed wing-bars, an uncommon anomaly not mentioned in the literature. At first I thought I had something really interesting going on, but soon I realized through the vocalizations that it had to be Saturnine Antshrike. Bret Whitney quickly confirmed my suspicions.

Bluish-slate Antshrike Thamnomanes schistogynus Fairly common in v�rzea, a few seen als along larger streams in the terra firme.

Pygmy Antwren Myrmotherula brachyura Rather common, far more often heard than seen.

Moustached Antwren Myrmotherula ignota 21/7 1 male, 28/8 1 male in the Lodge clearing, 11/8 1 heard Yellow trail, 20/8 3 V�rzea trail, 2/9 1 male Santa Rita trail. Partly overlooked, since I never learned its voice.

Sclater�s Antwren Myrmotherula sclateri Seen on 8 days with 1-2 individuals. I never really learned its song, but I guess it should be considered as fairly common.

Amazonian Streaked-Antwren Myrmotherula multostriata Fairly common in igap� and swampy v�rzea.

Plain-throated Antwren Myrmotherula hauxwelli Less common: 23/7 2, 4/8 1 male, 27/8 1 female Guayaba de la Danta, 14/8 1 pair Santa Rita trail, 15/8 2 heard Yellow trail, 18/8 1 female On�a trail.

Stipple-throated Antwren Myrmotherula haematonota Common. One of the most characteristic birds of understorey flocks in the terra firme, but also found along the Santa Rita trail. Female Santa Rita birds appeared more brown than rufous on the back, while the males looked normal.

Rufous-tailed Antwren Myrmotherula erythrura Seemingly uncommon. 24/7 1 pair Pico do Caboclo, 26/7 1 pair V�rzea trail, 24/8 1 heard Arrumadeiro.

White-flanked Antwren Myrmotherula axillaris 14/8 3, 2/9 6 Santa Rita trail, 6/9 1 pair Mata-Mat�.Evidently a bird of v�rzea along the Javar�.

Long-winged Antwren Myrmotherula longipennis Common. A bird of understorey. Gray Antwrens here are very similar to Long-winged, but they stay in mid to high levels and lack the white tail tip.

Ihering�s Antwren Myrmotherula iheringeri Not uncommon, but very similar to Long-winged Antwren. Frequents low to midstorey of terra firme, especially along the Yellow trail system. Compared to Long-winged Antwren the male has a more extensive black bib, more spotted wing bars (not fringed) and a shorter white-fringed tail that it twitches frequently. The female is very gray above, with rather obscure wing bars.

R�o Suno Antwren Myrmotherula sunensis 14/8 1 male seen very well along the Santa Rita trail. A rare bird anywhere in its scattered range. Has been found on the Brazilian side of the river, but I didn�t manage to locate any. According to Ridgely & Tudor the R�o Suno Antwren is confined to terra firme, but along the Javar� it�s found only in v�rzea.

Gray Antwren Myrmotherula menetriesii Rather common, mostly with canopy flocks.

Leaden Antwren Myrmotherula assimilis 25/7 1 pair Piranha lakes, 28/7 1 pair Caot�, 7/8 1 pair, 20/8 1 pair, 27/8 1 female V�rzea trail, 10/8 1 heard in igap� while canoeing, 16/8 2 Zacanbuzinho. A bird of igap� and v�rzea edge, always near water.

Dot-winged Antwren Mirorhopias quixensis Observed on 7 days with 1-4 birds. V�rzea and edge of terra firme.

Chestnut-shouldered Antwren Terenura humeralis 1/8 1 male, 4/8 1 pair V�rzea trail, 25/8 1 pair Aldea trail, 27/8 1 heard, 31/8 1 female Guayaba de la Danta, 5/9 1 male Yellow trail. Not uncommon in terra firme canopy flocks but hard to see.

Gray Antbird Cercomacra cinerascens Fairly common. A bird that you often hear but seldom get to see.

Blackish Antbird Cercomacra nigrescens 2/8 1 male, 2 females, 12/8 1 female+1 heard Arrumadeiro, 3/8 1-2 heard Pico do Caboclo. Apparently confined to v�rzea.

Black Antbird Cercomacra serva Fairly common but local, mainly found at tree falls and sometimes at forest edge in terra firme.

White-browed Antbird Myrmoborus leucophrys 12/8 1 male Arrumadeiro, 14/8 1 heard Santa Rita trail. Seemingly uncommon (or partly overlooked) in v�rzea.

Black-tailed Antbird Myrmoborus melanurus 14/8 1 male, 3/9 1 heard Santa Rita trail. A rare and beautiful antbird found in swampy v�rzea. Has been found on the Brazilian side, but no success for me.

Black-faced Antbird Myrmoborus myotherinus Seen or heard on 7 days with 1-3 birds, almost all of them along the Guayaba de la Danta. The relatively few sightings might be explained by very few singing birds. It�s a rather secretive species, when not occasionally attending an ant swarm.

Warbling Antbird Hypocnemis cantator Common in v�rzea, less so in terra firme where it�s most often found around tree falls. One of the most characteristic bird songs in the above mentioned habitats.

Yellow-browed Antbird Hypocnemis hypoxanthus 25/7 1, 31/7 1 pair, 11/8 1 heard, 15/8 1 male Yellow trail, 6/8 1, 25/8 3 Aldea trail, 27/8 1 pair Guayaba de la Danta (950 m). A stunning antbird!

Band-tailed Antbird Hypocnemoides maculicauda 2 and 12/8 1 pair Arrumadeiro, 11/8 4 heard, 16/8 3 Zacanbuzinho, 26/8 1 female Piranha trail, 27/8 1 female, 31/8 1 heard V�rzea trail. Several close-up views!

Slate-colored Antbird Percnostola schistacea Seen on 7 days with 1-3 birds on various terra firme trails. Prefers dense undergrowth and thus easily escapes discovery. Its song can be confusingly like that of Sooty Antbird, but is shorter and at a higher pitch.

Spot-winged Antbird Percnostola leucostigma 28/7 1 pair, 11/8 1 heard by the Cachoeira stream, 7/9 1 pair Guayaba de la Danta (3300 m). Very local near forest streams in terra firme.

Silvered Antbird Sclateria naevia 24/7 1 heard Pico do Caboclo, 4/8 1 male+1 heard, 7/8 1 heard Piranha trail, 16/8 1 male+2 heard Zacanbuzinho, 6/9 1 pair Mata-Mat� trail, 7/9 1 pair V�rzea trail (after heavy rains). A delightful antbird, always found near water.

Plumbeous Antbird Myrmeciza hyperythra 12/8 1 male Arrumadeiro, 6/9 2 males, 1 female Mata-Mat�. Perhaps overlooked. Great views at Mata-Mat�!

White-shouldered Antbird Myrmeciza melanoceps Fairly common in v�rzea on the Peruvian side, where seen very well at Santa Rita trail. In Brazil it seems to be uncommon, heard near Aldea 31/7 and 30/8, and from the V�rzea trail 4/9 (after heavy rains).

Sooty Antbird Myrmeciza fortis Fairly common in terra firme, often near water in dense understorey or attending an army ant swarm.

Black-throated Antbird Myrmeciza atrothorax 12/8 1 male, 24/8 1 heard Arrumadeiro, 14/8 1 heard Santa Rita trail. Apparently a bird of v�rzea, probably uncommon.

Southern Chestnut-tailed Antbird Myrmeciza hemimelaena Fairly common in terra firme.

White-throated Antbird Gymnopithys salvini Fairly common, primarily in terra firme but also in v�rzea. Generally the most numerous species at an ant swarm. Many terrific observations!

Spot-backed Antbird Hylophylax naevius Fairly common in terra firme, mainly near water or in dense understorey. A real beauty!

Dot-backed Antbird Hylophylax punctulatus 3/8 1 pair+2 heard, 13/8 1 heard Pico do Caboclo, 14/8 1 heard, 2/9 3 heard Santa Rita trail. Superb observation of a duetting pair!

Scale-backed Antbird Hylophylax poecilonotus Fairly common but somewhat irregular. Seen or heard with 1-5 birds on 16 days. Often at ant swarms.

Hairy-crested Antbird Rhegmatorhina melanosticta 23/7 1 heard Guayaba de la Danta, 26/7 2+1 heard, 28/7 and 1/8 1 heard Yellow trail, 6/8 2 heard Aldea trail, 31/8 2, 7/9 2 Guayaba de la Danta. A very charismatic bird!

Black-spotted Bare-eye Phlegopsis nigromaculatus 22/7 4, 3/8 6, 13/8 1+2 heard Pico do Caboclo, 9/8 1 heard Guayaba de la Danta (3100 m), 14/8 1 Santa Rita trail, 7/9 1 heard from the maloca. Finally! Stellar views en masse at Pico do Caboclo! Almost exclusively found in v�rzea, though I also heard one in a swampy area at the Guayaba de la Danta.

Reddish-winged Bare-eye Phlegopsis erythropterus A pair of this splendid antbird was attending an ant swarm along the Guayaba de la Danta (1700 m) 7/9. The male is one of the most beautiful antbirds of the Amazon! Apparently uncommon to rare.

Black-faced Antthrush Formicarius analis Except for a male whistled in at the beginning of Guayaba de la Danta 23/7, this species was only heard on 6 occasions; 22/8 along On�a trail, 2/9 along Santa Rita trail, and four times along the Guayaba de la Danta (beginning and at 3800 m).

Thrush-like Antpitta Myrmothera campanisona Regularly heard on virtually all terra firme trails, though few individuals involved. One bird was seen superbly well during ten seconds along the Guayaba de la Danta 31/8 (950 m).

Chestnut-belted Gnateater Conopophaga castaneiceps 26/7 2-3 males (900-1400 m), 31/8 1 male (750 m) Yellow trail, 4/8 1 male (1000 m), 22/8 1 pair (1450 m) Guayaba de la Danta, 6/8 1 female Aldea trail, 5/9 1 male Tractor trail. A good result! Prefers rather flat areas with understorey of uniform higth.

Ash-throated Gnateater Conopophaga peruviana 9/8 1 female seen well along Guayaba de la Danta (3200 m), in a swampy area with thick understorey. Uncommon to rare.

Rusty-belted Tapaculo Liosceles thoracicus Fairly commonly heard in terra firme, especially along the Guayaba de la Danta, On�a and Aldea trails. If singing close by, it�s possible to whistle a male into view. I actually saw 1-2 birds on no less than 6 occasions.

Red-headed Manakin Pipra rubrocapilla Fairly common in terra firme. Single birds (mostly males) seen on 12 days.

Wire-tailed Manakin Pipra filicauda Fairly common in v�rzea. Usually rather inconspicuous, but aggressive towards other Manakins at fruiting trees. The fabulous ad. male was seen on merely four occasions.

White-crowned Manakin Dixiphia pipra Not uncommon in terra firme. 1-3 birds seen on 8 days, including several males.

Blue-crowned Manakin Lepidothrix coronata Rather common in terra firme, seen or heard every other day and also the most numerous manakin at fruiting trees.

Blue-backed Manakin Chiroxiphia pareola Regularly heard in small numbers on most terra firme trails. Female-plumaged birds were seen on at least 3 occasions. The yellow-crowned regina is found on the Brazilian side, whilst the Peruvian birds belong to the red-crowned napensis.

White-bearded Manakin Manacus manacus One male was seen in the Lodge clearing 2/8, and then 1-2 males regularly 14/8-6/9. Also 1 male, 2 females along the Pico do Caboclo 3/8.

Striped Manakin Machaeropterus regulus A female was seen on 4 dates in the Lodge clearing 28/8-8/9 and a superb male by the Enramada 4/9. Never found inside the forest, and I wasn�t sure about its song.

Dwarf Tyrant-Manakin Tyranneutes stolzmanni Fairly common by voice. Seen with a mixed flock along the Yellow trail 11/8 and at Cristina, Zacanbuzinho 16/8.

Wing-barred Piprites Piprites chloris Regularly heard in small numbers on most terra firme trails. Only one bird was seen, along the Guayaba de la Danta 27/8.

V�rzea Schiffornis Schiffornis major Fairly common in v�rzea, where one of the most characteristic bird songs. Normally difficult to see, but sometimes comes out in the open and then not very shy. Only occasionally follows flocks.

Thrush-like Schiffornis Schiffornis turdinus Regularly heard along the Yellow (esp. 650 m) and Tractor trails. Also found along the Aldea trail, but not along the Guayaba de la Danta.

White-browed Purpletuft Iodopleura isbellae 16/8 4 Cristina, Zacanbuzinho.

Cinereous Mourner Laniocera hypopyrra Singles heard along the Yellow trail 1/8, 15/8 and 3/9. 3/8 1 Pico do Caboclo, 9/8 1 heard Guayaba de la Danta, 25/8 1 Aldea trail, 26/8 1 Bushbird trail.Can be extremely challenging to see.

Screaming Piha Lipaugus vociferans Commonly heard on all the major terra firme trails. Non-singing birds were seen on 5 occasions.

Plum-throated Cotinga Cotinga maynana Seen on 7 days with 1-3 birds, including one nice scope view of a male from the Tower.

Spangled Cotinga Cotinga cayana Seen on 7 days with 1-2 birds 22/7-13/8, oddly enough not recorded after that.

Bare-necked Fruitcrow Gymnoderus foetidus 21/7 1 female from the Tower, 22/7 1 from the Canopy platform, 10/8 2 crossing the river near the lodge, 11/8 8 Zacanbuzinho, 3/9 1 female from the Tower.Very modest numbers.

Purple-throated Fruitcrow Querula purpurata Regularly heard from the Guayaba de la Danta, On�a, Pico do Caboclo and Santa Rita trails. Only seen on three occasions, but then I saw them all the better!

Amazonian Umbrellabird Cephalopterus ornatus 2/8 1 male+another heard booming, 10/8 1 flying across the river while canoeing, 16/8 an amazing 6 males at the same time Zacanbuzinho, 30/8 1 male from the Tower, 4/9 1 V�rzea trail. I had never seen a male for certain before, so this was excellent!

Slender-footed Tyrannulet Zimmerius gracilipes 24/7 1 Pico do Caboclo, 15/8 1-2 V�rzea trail, 16/8 2-3 Zacanbuzinho, 28/8 1 in the Lodge clearing.

Southern Beardless-Tyrannulet Camptostoma obsoletum 16/8 2 Zacanbuzinho, 20/8 2 in the Enramada clearing.

Mouse-colored Tyrannulet Phaeomyias murina 10/8 2, 31/8 1 on the Peninsula, 30/8 1 Palmar� community.

Yellow-crowned Tyrannulet Tyrannulus elatus Often seen in the Lodge clearing, otherwise relatively few records. Seldom shows its black-and-yellow crest, and thus looks confusingly similar to (but smaller than) Forest Elaenia.

Forest Elaenia Myiopagis gaimardii 2/8 1 Arrumadeiro, 11/8, 15/8 and 4/9 1 in the Lodge clearing.

Gray Elaenia Myiopagis caniceps 24/7 1 male Pico do Caboclo, 20/8-1/9 1 male seen or heard in the Lodge clearing on 7 days.

Yellow-crowned Elaenia Myiopagis flavivertex 12/8 2 Arrumadeiro, 13/8 1 heard Pico do Caboclo, 14/8 1 heard Santa Rita trail. Uncommon in v�rzea.

Large Elaenia Elaenia spectabilis 1-2 birds seen around the clearings on 12 days, with 4 in the Enramada clearing 4/9.

Small-billed Elaenia Elaenia parvirostris Seen on 8 days with 1-3 individuals around the clearings.It can�t be ruled out that some individual was a White-crested Elaenia. One bird was much grayer below than any other I�ve seen.

River Tyrannulet Serpophaga hypoleuca 11/8 1 heard in front of the lodge, but could not be seen.

Lesser Wagtail-Tyrant Stigmatura napensis 6 and 8/8 1 seen very well at the tip of the Peninsula (then a grove of trees partly standing in water). A remarkable finding, as it�s normally found only along major tributaries with river islands. A lot of birds were migrating up the river this week, as the water level dropped fast creating new habitat for riverine species.

Plain Tyrannulet Inezia inornata 10/8 1 seen from a canoe in igap� near the first beach upriver from the lodge. I couldn�t identify this Tyrannulet when I saw it, but I immediately reacted on its very pale underparts (otherwise somewhat resembling Yellow-crowned Tyrannulet) and its one-note call. After literature studies, no other species seem likely for confusion. This may represent the northernmost record ever of this little-known austral migrant.

Ochre-bellied Flycatcher Mionectes oleaginea Fairly common in both v�rzea and terra firme. Seen on at least 13 days with 1-4 individuals. See also next species.

McConnell�s Flycatcher Mionectes mcconnelli 7/8 1 Guayaba de la Danta (500 m). I tried to look very carefully on all Mionectes flycatchers that I encountered inside terra firme as, according to Ridgely & Tudor, McConnell�s is supposed to replace Ochre-bellied here. This is not the case at Palmar�. The only bird I saw well enough to call McConnell�s Flycatcher was in fact chased off by an Ochre-bellied Flycatcher!

Sepia-capped Flycatcher Leptopogon superciliaris 22/7 1 Pico do Caboclo, 20/8 1-2 V�rzea trail. Probably uncommon and restricted to v�rzea.

Yellow Tyrannulet Capsiempis flaveola 12/8 1 Arrumadeiro (along the channel to Bujuz�), 16/8 1 heard Zacanbuzinho. Not mapped for this area in Ridgely & Tudor.

Ringed Antpipit Corythopis torquata 5/9 1 Yellow trail (450 m). Probably an uncommon bird, but likely overlooked.

Short-tailed Pygmy-Tyrant Myiornis ecaudatus One individual was seen by the maloca 2, 6 and 11/8 and heard 28/8 and 8/9. Another individual was heard 6/9 at Mata-Mat�.

Double-banded Pygmy-Tyrant Lophotriccus vitiosus Fairly common, heard on virtually every walk in terra firme. Seen on 7 occasions.

Johannes�s Tody-Tyrant Hemitriccus johannis Fairly common in v�rzea and igap�, but a bit tricky to see (only 3 times). Sometimes heard in front of the hotel complex.

Snethlage�s Tody-Tyrant Hemitriccus minor Fairly common in v�rzea and a few in transitional forest, recorded on 12 days. Pico do Caboclo is a good trail to lok for it. This is one of the birds that is difficult to get elsewhere in Peru. I actually only had one bird on that side of the river, at Mata-Mat� 6/9.

White-bellied Tody-Tyrant Hemitriccus griseipectus 4/8 1 Guayaba de la Danta (c. 500 m). No more birds could be located.

Yellow-browed Tody-Flycatcher Todirostrum chrysocrotaphum Single birds seen around the clearings 11/8, 31/8 and 9/9. A beautiful little bird.

Spotted Tody-Flycatcher Todirostrum maculatum Common in v�rzea and igap�, seen or heard daily. A nest was found at Arrumadeiro 12/8.

Brownish Twistwing Cnipodectes subbrunneus Not uncommon in terra firme, but difficult to see. Heard regularly along the Yellow trail (esp. 300 m) and Guayaba de la Danta (esp. 1400 m). I think that �Twistwing� is an appropriate name for the species � there are so many �Flycatchers� anyway.

Rufous-tailed Flatbill Ramphotrigon ruficauda Not uncommon. Seen or heard in terra firme on 7 days with 1-3 birds. All were found along the Yellow or Guayaba de la Danta trails.

Olivaceous Flatbill Rhynchocyclus olivaceus 2/8 1 Arrumadeiro, 16/8 1 Zacanbuzinho, 18/8 1, 20/8 1 V�rzea trail, 21/8 1 by the Cachoeira stream, 31/8 1 Guayaba de la Danta. Mainly a bird of v�rzea, but also occurs along forest streams in terra firme.

Yellow-olive Flatbill Tolmomyias sulphurescens Observed on 6 days with 1-3 individuals. Only found in v�rzea around Palmar�; V�rzea trail and Arrumadeiro (where also a nest was found) are good places to see it.

Zimmer�s Flatbill Tolmomyias assimilis Seen or heard on 9 days with 1-3 birds. Only found in terra firme, otherwise told apart from Yellow-olive Flatbill by voice and Zimmer�s well-marked wing edgings.

Gray-crowned Flatbill Tolmomyias poliocephalus Observed on 7 days with 1-2 birds. Strictly a canopy bird and can thus be hard to track down unless you know its voice. Probably fairly common.

Olive-faced Flatbill Tolmomyias viridiceps Observed on 6 days with 1-2 birds, including a pair busy with nest cunstructing where the Yellow trail ends in a plantation. A bird of forest edge.

White-crested Spadebill Platyrinchus platyrhynchos 23/7 1, 7/8 1 Guayaba de la Danta, 9 and 11/8 1 heard Yellow trail (800 m). Apparently uncommon.

Golden-crowned Spadebill Platyrinchus coronatus 14/8 1 male Santa Rita trail. Probably a very local species, maybe only in this kind of transitional forest.

Amazonian Royal-Flycatcher Onychorhynchus coronatus Despite having a rather distinct call, I never learned to pick it out. Dave Stejskal could though. When Fieldguides had left I was lucky enough to see it three times. 10/8 1 heard V�rzea trail, 12/8 1 heard, 24/8 1 Arrumadeiro, 14/8 1 heard Santa Rita trail, 21/8 1 by the Cachoeira stream, 6/9 1 Mata-Mat�. Seemingly widespread but always hard to see.

Ruddy-tailed Flycatcher Terenotriccus erythrurus Fairly common. Seen or heard on 15 days with 1-3 individuals in both terra firme and v�rzea.

Black-tailed Flycatcher Myiobius atricaudus 24/7 4 Pico do Caboclo (including a nest!), 2/8 1 Arrumadeiro, 14/8 1, 2/9 1 Santa Rita trail, 6/9 2 Mata-Mat�. Extremely similar to Whiskered Flycatcher, but has a rounded tail and does probably only occur in v�rzea.

Whiskered Flycatcher Myiobius barbatus Fairly common. Seen on 12 days with 1-3 birds. It probably only occurs in terra firme and has an almost square (not rounded) tail, although this is hard to see in the field.

Euler�s Flycatcher Lathrotriccus euleri 24/8 2 Pico do Caboclo, 2/8 1 Arrumadeiro, 14/8 1 heard Santa Rita trail, 16/8 1 Zacanbuzinho.

Vermilion Flycatcher Pyrocephalus rubinus A pair of this austral migrant was seen regularly in the Enramada clearing and at the Peninsula. The last observation was made 31/8.

Drab Water-Tyrant Ochthornis littoralis 22/7 2 Pico do Caboclo, 2/8 2 Arrumadeiro-Pamar�. This species seems to undertake full scale seasonal migrations.

Little Ground-Tyrant Muscisaxicola fluviatilis 24/7 1 seen rather briefly (20 sec.) from the restaurant porch, inspecting the boardwalk and then flying towards the community. Probably a quite uncommon bird, subject to seasonal migrations.

Amazonian Black-Tyrant Knipolegus poecilocercus 16/8 1 displaying male Cristina, Zacanbuzinho. Seen at close range. The display consisted of a small jump with closed wings, and a second higher jump with outspread wings. At the second jump it uttered a clicking sound, perhaps created from the wing-beat. The underwing had some dark red or purplish, barely visible during the second jump. Cool! This is a hard bird to get anywhere.

Bright-rumped Attila Attila spadiceus Regularly heard in small numbers, mostly in terra firme. Only seen once (but good), a bird along the On�a trail 22/8.

Citron-bellied Attila Attila citriniventris 1-2 males were heard regularly along the Yellow trail (400-800 m), and once along the Guayaba de la Danta (800 m). Despite several tries to track it down I never managed to see this species.

Cinnamon Attila Attila cinnamomeus 30/7 2, 7/8 2 and single birds heard at 3 dates along the V�rzea trail, 3/8 1 Pico do Caboclo, 27/8 1 heard from the Peninsula, 6/9 1 Mata-Mat�. Generally a very hard bird to see, so my four (excellent) observations is a good result.

Grayish Mourner Rhytipterna simplex Heard with 1-3 birds on 13 days, and seen on 3 occasions.Most likely found along the Yellow and Aldea trails.

Eastern Sirystes Sirystes sibilator 11/8 1 along the Yellow trail (1400 m). Could probably be seen regularly from the Canopy platform.

Short-crested Flycatcher Myiarchus ferox Fairly common in disturbed areas.

Swainson�s Flycatcher Myiarchus swainsoni 22/8 1 seen and heard on the Peninsula.

Dusky-capped Flycatcher Myiarchus tuberculifer 2/8 1+1 heard Arrumadeiro. Probably overlooked.

Great Kiskadee Pitangus sulphuratus Fairly common-locally common in open places in the vicinity of water.

Lesser Kiskadee Pitangus lictor Fairly common but local, always by channels, lakes and pools.

Boat-billed Flycatcher Megarhynchus pitangua Seen or heard on 12 days with 1-2 individuals.

Social Flycatcher Myiozetetes similis Fairly common.

Gray-capped Flycatcher Myiozetetes granadensis Seen around the clearings or the pool near the V�rzea trail on most days, with 1-6 birds.

Yellow-throated Flycatcher Myiozetetes parva 15/8 1 heard Yellow trail by the Cachoeira stream. Identified by Dave Stejskal. Did not respond to play-back.

Dusky-chested Flycatcher Myiozetetes luteiventris 13/8 1 heard Pico de Caboclo. Also this species identified by Dave Stejskal.

Streaked Flycatcher Myiodynastes maculatus 26/7 1 V�rzea trail, 28/7 1, 21/1 1 Yellow trail, 27/8 1 Guayaba de la Danta.

Crowned Slaty-Flycatcher Griseotyrannus aurantioatricristatus A single bird was seen now and then in the Enramada clearing 22/7-5/9. Also 3 birds at Zacanbuzinho 16/8 and 1 bird at Mata-Mat� 6/9.

Variegated Flycatcher Empidonomus varius 31/7 1 Arrumadeiro, 25/8 1 Aldea trail (in a plantation), 31/8 1 from the Tower.

Fork-tailed Flycatcher Tyrannus savana Only found around the Peninsula. A single bird was seen 5/8 and two was seen 26/8. Then there was suddenly 32 birds dotting the grass 30/8! The day after, numbers had dropped to 20. Between 1-8/9 1-6 birds were seen almost daily, and the last bird was seen 9/9. Interesting appearance by this beautiful austral migrant.

Tropical Kingbird Tyrannus melancholicus Common, seen daily. A nest was found at the tip of a branch hanging over the river.

Cinereous Becard Pachyramphus rufus 16/8 2 heard at Zacanbuzinho (with the help of Bret Whitney). Probably uncommon, and perhaps restricted to blackwater areas.

Chestnut-crowned Becard Pachyramphus castaneus 1-3 birds seen on 8 days, mostly around the clearings and the V�rzea trail

White-winged Becard Pachyramphus polychopterus Seen on 13 days with 1-6 birds. Bred successfully in the clearing, where I saw most of the birds. Also seen around Arrumadeiro. The males here are all black with two white wing-bars. If seen hastily it can be mistaken for a White-shouldered Tanager!

Black-capped Becard Pachyramphus marginatus Seen on 8 days with 1-2 birds in terra firme. Almost always with canopy flocks.

Pink-throated Becard Pachyramphus minor A pair was resident along the Guayaba de la Danta (500-1000 m). One or both of the two were seen on 4 occasions.

Black-tailed Tityra Tityra cayana 2/8 1 pair, 12/8 1 male Arrumadeiro were the only observations.

Masked Tityra Tityra semifasciata 24/8 1 female, 3/8 1 male Pico do Caboclo, 12/8 1 pair Arrumadeiro, 27/8 1 pair in the Enramada clearing, 31/8 1 male flying by the Tower.

White-winged Swallow Tachycineta albiventer Fairly common-common along the river. Numbers a bit fluctuating, but a major increase was noticed when water levels dropped.

Brown-chested Martin Progne tapera Seen on at least 11 days with 1-10 birds. I found it a bit hard to distinguish from Rough-wing, except when vocalizing. It sounds similar to River Tyrannulet!

Southern Martin Progne modesta 4/8 4 birds flying westwards seen from the restaurant porch late in the afternoon.

Gray-breasted Martin Progne chalybea 24/7 c. 10 from the Tower, 31/7 c. 5 including two perched Palmar�-Arrumadeiro. Its absence in August-September is mysterious.

White-banded Swallow Atticora fasciata Relatively few birds seen; observed on 9 days with 1-8 birds.

Southern Rough-winged Swallow Stelgidopteryx ruficollis Common, but mostly seen in modest numbers. About 100 were seen between Palmar� and Arrumadeiro 31/7, and at least 200 my last morning, 10/9, from the restaurant porch.

Violaceous Jay Cyanocorax violaceus Seen almost daily in the Lodge clearing, otherwise fairly common but somewhat irregular.

Black-capped Donacobius Donacobius atricapillus Mostly seen around the Peninsula, very irregularly in July-late August, but regularly the last 2 weeks. Also seen between Palmar�-Caot� 28/7 and in Palmar� community 27/8. A beauty!

Thrush-like Wren Campylorhynchus turdinus 24/7 1 heard Pico do Caboclo, 14/8 1 heard, 2/9 2 heard Santa Rita, 18/8 2 heard, 20/8 2 heard (another pair) On�a trail, 6/9 1 heard Mata-Mat�. There isn�t much suitable habitat for the species in the areas I visited.

Gray Wren Thryothorus griseus It took me 11 days to track down �El Gris�, although I�d heard a very probable one at Caot� a few days before. It gave super looks without play-back on the first day, and with play-back when the Fieldguide group came. This individual was regularly heard 1/8-4/9, even during the middle of the day, along the second half of the V�rzea trail. Another birds was heard in the afternoon 13/8 at the beginning of the Pico do Caboclo. Uncommon and local around tree falls and streams in v�rzea.

Moustached Wren Thryothorus genibarbis Fairly common, mainly in v�rzea and at edge of terra firme.

Buff-breasted Wren Thryothorus leucotis Rather common in v�rzea. Easily seen a Arrumadeiro.

House Wren Troglodytes aedon Only a few records the first three weeks, but from mid-August it was regularly heard and seen around the clearing and in the Palmar� community.

Southern Nightingale-Wren Microcerculus marginatus Fairly common, but overall numbers rather small. Regularly heard on most terra firme trails, especially the Guayaba de la Danta. The song here is quite different from the regular song south of the Amazon and can be very hard to detect at a distance, easily mistaken for a cicada!

Black-billed Thrush Turdus ignobilis Fairly common in disturbed areas.

Lawrence�s Thrush Turdus lawrencei 18/8 1 heard at the stream crossing on the V�rzea trail. Apparently quite uncommon, or simply not singing.

Hauxwell�s Thrush Turdus hauxwelli 24/7 1, 3/8 2 Pico do Caboclo, 6/9 1 Mata-Mat�. Never heard singing. A v�rzea bird.

White-necked Thrush Turdus albicollis 23/7 2, 7/8 1, 18/8 1 singing at the beginning of Guayaba de la Danta, 3/9 1 Pico do Caboclo, 14/8 1 heard Santa Rita trail, 18/8 1, 22/8 1 On�a trail. A shy species, so seeing it on 5 occasions is not bad.

Long-billed Gnatwren Ramphocaenus melanurus Fairly common. This is one of the most weird-looking of South America�s birds! Sometimes you almost can�t tell what�s tail and what�s bill.

Tropical Gnatcatcher Pilioptila plumbea 2/8 1 pair, 12/8 2 heard Arrumadeiro, 13/8 1 heard Pico do Caboclo.

Slaty-capped Shrike-Vireo Vireolanius leucotis 13/8 1 heard, 31/8 1-2 Guayaba de la Danta, both times in the vicinity of 3500-3600 m. Doubtless more numerous than this, but perhaps still uncommon.

Red-eyed Vireo Vireo (olivaceus) chivi 1-2 birds seen on 13 days, most often at forest edge.

Lemon-chested Greenlet Hylophilus thoracicus 1-3 birds seen on 9 days, mostly in v�rzea but a few also in terra firme. The V�rzea trail and Arrumadeiro are good places for the species.

Gray-chested Greenlet Hylophilus semicinereus Fairly common in v�rzea. Often heard, but a very difficult bird to see well.

Dusky-capped Greenlet Hylophilus hypoxanthus Rather commonly heard from the canopy of terra firme, seen on 7 days with 1-5 birds.

Tawny-crowned Greenlet Hylophilus ochraceiceps 27/7 1, 11/8 1 heard, 13/8 1 Yellow trail, 14/8 1 heard Santa Rita trail. This secretive species was no doubt overlooked. Bret helped with the vocal identification, but the coin never fell down for me.

Buff-rumped Warbler Basileuterus fulvicauda 27/7 1 pair, 1/8 1 heard along the Cachoeira stream, 6/8 1 pair at the stream of the end of the sidetrail leading from 2050 m on the Guayaba de la Danta (see map). The only warbler on Palmari�s bird list

Purple Honeycreeper Cyanerpes caeruleus Observed on 13 days with 1-12 individuals. Superb views of. C. 10 birds in a flowering tree at Palmar� community 27/8.

Green Honeycreeper Chlorophanes spiza Fairly common. 1-3 birds seen on 21 days.

Blue Dacnis Dacnis cayana Fairly common. 1-5 birds seen on 15 days. I had a great study of a family party (?) with males in different stages of plumage development.

Black-faced Dacnis Dacnis lineata Less common, but more strictly a forest bird than it congeners and thus harder to spot in the camnopy. Observed on 7 days with 1-2 individuals.

Yellow-bellied Dacnis Dacnis flaviventer Rather common in v�rzea and at edge of terra firme.

Guira Tanager Hemithraupis guira 15/8 1 pair V�rzea trail. Probably uncommon or rare.

Yellow-backed Tanager Hemithraupis flavicollis Observed on 9 days with 1-2 individuals.

Opal-rumped Tanager Tangara velia 22/7 1 from the Canopy platform, 28/8 1, 3/9 1, 4/9 3 in the clearings. Few but good observations.

Paradise Tanager Tangara chilensis Fairly common but somewhat irregular; seen on 21 days with 1-20 birds. Always a wonderful bird to see!

Green-and-gold Tanager Tangara schrankii The most common Tangara, often seen with 5-10 individuals in a day. An exceptional canopy flock pouring out of the terra firme into the v�rzea of the V�rzea trail 4/8 held at least 40 Green-and-gold Tanagers.

Yellow-bellied Tanager Tangara xanthogastra 22/7 1, 24/7 2 Pico do Caboclo, 8/9 1-2 from the Tower. May be seasonally more common.

Turquoise Tanager Tangara mexicana Fairly common, mostly in v�rzea and forest edge of terra firme.

Bay-headed Tanager Tangara gyrola 3/8 1 Pico do Caboclo, 15/8 1 Cachoeira trail. Uncommon?

Orange-bellied Euphonia Euphonia xanthogaster Seen on 9 days with 1-4 individuals in both v�rzea and terra firme.

White-vented Euphonia Euphonia minuta 25/7 1 male Piranha lakes, 3/9 1 male Pico do Caboclo, 16/8 1 male Zacanbuzinho, 26/8 1 pair Enramada clearing, 4/9 1 male V�rzea trail. Apparently tied to v�rzea.

Purple-throated Euphonia Euphonia chlorotica 2/8 1 male Arrumadeiro.

Thick-billed Euphonia Euphonia laniirostris 1-2 birds seen on 12 days, and 12 in one flock in the Enramada clearing 20/8. Forest edge.

Rufous-bellied Euphonia Euphonia rufiventris 16/8 1 pair Cristina, Zacanbuzinho was the only observation.

White-lored Euphonia Euphonia chrysopasta 20/8 1 V�rzea trail, 5/9 1 pair in the Enramada clearing.

Blue-gray Tanager Thraupis episcopus Fairly common. Beautiful in the right light!

Palm Tanager Thraupis palmarum Common, seen almost daily.

Silver-beaked Tanager Ramphocelus carbo Common, seen daily.

Masked Crimson Tanager Ramphocelus nigrogularis Observed on 10 days with 1-5 individuals. V�rzea and forest edge. A beauty!

Red-crowned Ant-Tanager Habia rubica 26/7 1 male, 3 females, 29/7 1 pair Yellow trail, 4/8 1 male, 31/8 1 female, 7/9 1 male, 1-2 females Guayaba de la Danta.

White-winged Shrike-Tanager Lanio versicolor Flock leader of many canopy flocks, seen with 1-6 individuals on 16 days.

Fulvous-crested Tanager Tachyphonus surinamus Observed with 1-5 birds on 11 days, primarily in terra firme. The males seem to lack the fulvous crest, otherwise a nice bird!

Yellow-crested Tanager Tachyphonus rufiventer Seen on 7 days with 1-4 birds. A less common and beautiful species of canopy flocks. The observations are spread out over all the major terra firme trails.

White-shouldered Tanager Tachyphonus luctuosus 2/8 3 Arrumadeiro, 2/9 3 Santa Rita trail, 6/9 2 males Mata-Mat�. Apparently restricted to v�rzea.

Gray-headed Tanager Eucometis penicillata 22/7 2, 13/8 2 Pico do Caboclo, 24/8 3 Arrumadeiro, 2/9 3 Santa Rita trail, 6/9 3 Mata-Mat�.

Hooded Tanager Nemosia pileata Fairly common in v�rzea. Mostly found in single pairs, but six birds were seen together at Santa Rita 2/9.

Buff-throated Saltator Saltator maximus Fairly common, mostly at forest edge.

Grayish Saltator Saltator coerulescens 2/8 2 Arrumadeiro.

Slate-colored Grosbeak Saltator grossus Heard or seen on at least 13 days with 1-4 birds. Song probably overlooked to some extent.

Blue-black Grosbeak Cyanocompsa cyanoides 4/8 1 female Guayaba de la Danta, 4/9 1 female Antwren trail. A rather secretive species.

Lesser Seed-Finch Oryzoborus angolensis Seen on 16 days with 1-6 individuals, mostly around the clearings but also in Palmar� community and Santa Rita.

Caquet� Seedeater Sporophila murallae Seen around the clearings on 8 days, with 1-2 males. Three males were also seen in Santa Rita 14/8.

Chestnut-bellied Seedeater Sporophila castaneiventris Rather common in disturbed and grassy areas.

Blue-black Grassquit Volatinia jacarina This species showed up first 22/8, but was seen regularly afterwards in small numbers in front of the restaurant and in the Palmar� community.

Red-capped Cardinal Paroaria gularis Fairly common-common at the edge of the river, at lakes and in channels.

Yellow-browed Sparrow Ammodramus aurifrons Few birds involved, but seen or heard almost daily around the Peninsula. Also found in Palmar� village, at Arrumadeiro and any other grassy or disturbed areas.

Shiny Cowbird Molothrus bonariensis Seen on 21 days around the Peninsula, with c. 15 birds 30/8 as the highest number.

Giant Cowbird Scaphidura oryzivora Recorded on 12 days with a maximum of c. 15 birds 8/9. Only seen around the Peninsula.

Band-tailed Oropendola Ocyalus latirostris 20/8 2 birds in flight from the V�rzea trail. A brief but good observation.

Crested Oropendola Psarocolius decumanus 1-2 birds seen on 16 days, with 3 seen 20/8. Most records were made from the Lodge clearing.

Russet-backed Oropendola Psarocolius angustifrons The only common Oropendola, but mostly seen in numbers below ten in a day.

Amazonian Oropendola Gymnostinops bifasciatus 1-3 birds seen on 14 days, often from the clearings.

Yellow-rumped Cacique Cacicus cela Surprisingly few seen. Recorded on 10 days with a maximum of 10 birds at Arrumadeiro 2/8.

Velvet-fronted Grackle Lampropsar tanagrinus 28/7 c.15 where the outlet of Bujuz� meets the Javar�.

Yellow-hooded Blackbird Agelaius icterocephalus Seen around the Peninsula between 3/8-9/9, where three males held territory and a few females were present.

Epaulet Oriole Icterus cayanensis 22/7 2 Canopy platform, 3/8 1 Pico do Caboclo, 13/8 1 heard Yellow trail. The few records probably don�t reflect its status, though if common I should have seen it many more times.